Content
1) Reported speech
1.1. Verb tenses
1.2. Time expressions
1.3. Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives and adverbs of place
1.4. Say and tell
1.5. Notes on verb tenses
1.6. Reporting verbs and forms
2) Online practice
1) Reported speech
1.1. Verb tenses
When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
- pronouns
- present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
- place and time expressions
- tenses (backshift)
- sentence order (questions)
1.2. Time expressions
1.3. Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives and adverbs of place
1.4. Say and tell
1.5. Notes on verb tenses
1.5.1. The verb tense DOES NOT CHANGE when:
a) the reporting verb is in the Present simple, Present perfect simple or Future simple.
"They won't do it," she says.
-> She says (that) they won't do it.
"The company turnover is very high," the CEO has announced.
-> The CEO has announced that the company turnover is very high.
b) the verb in direct speech is in the Past perfect simple or Past perfect continuous.
She said, "The star had accepted the role."
-> She said (that) the star had accepted the role.
He said, "I had been cooking dinner."
-> He said (that) he had been cooking dinner.
c) the modals should, could, would, might, needn't, and ought to are used.
She said, "You could give it a try."
-> She said (that) I could give it a try.
1.5.2. We can leave out THAT in reported speech with no change in meaning.
1.5.3. Keep in mind that pronouns often change in reported speech
1.5.4. To report general truths or scientific facts, we may either leave the verb in the present tense or move it back one tense.
She said, "The vaccine has been discovered."
-> She said (that) the vaccine has been discovered.
-> She said (that) the vaccine had been discovered.
He said, "I love going for a run in the mornings."
-> He said (that) he loves going for a run in the mornings.
-> He said (that) he loved going for a run in the mornings.
1.5.5. To report negative commands and requests, NOT TO is used before the main verb.
My friend advised me, "Don't tell him what she told you."
-> My friend advised me not to tell him what she had told me.
1.5.6. Reporting verbs and forms
- Yes / no questions in reported speech
- Wh-questions in reported speech
- Requests and orders
- Mixed exercise
- Mixed exercise 2
- Backshift of tenses
- Backshift exercises 2
- Conversion of time phrases
- Pronouns in reported speech
- Commands and negations
- Expressions of time
- Will future
- Different verb tenses
- Mixed exercise 3
- Mixed exercise 4
- Reported speech verbs
- More reporting verbs
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